What are fireworks? As for the standard definition, it is expected that many people will not be able to say. According to the results of an expert discussion by the National Tobacco Labeling Committee in August 2007, fireworks are arts and crafts that produce sound, light, color, smoke and other audio-visual effects by burning or exploding with pyrotechnic materials. This is just an ordinary case in the way of standardization of our country cracker industry in the past 23 years. Data show that between 1989 and 2003, the national tobacco standards Committee organized the development of 14 national standards; In 2008 alone, the National tobacco Standards Committee declared 30 national standard projects, 8 of which were approved. Industry analysts believe that, from less to more, in the national level and the main production level of two dimensions, in the past 23 years, China's fireworks industry standardization construction has experienced the development of the road, including product, safety management, factory construction, brand packaging and other six aspects of the content.
The construction of national standards is accelerating
Back in the late 1980s, fireworks had been a national custom for more than a thousand years, but an economic industry for decades.
As fireworks enterprises rely on simple experience for safety management, industry standards are basically in a vacuum. An industry insider with nearly two decades of experience admitted that "around the 1980s, there were very few standards".
City fireworks Bureau compiled "Liuyang Fireworks development Report" also confirmed the views of the above people. During the period, light industry, agriculture two issued the "Fireworks, firecrackers and bamboo Production Safety Management Interim Provisions" in 1979, 1988 four ministries issued the "Fireworks, Firecrackers and bamboo Production safety Management Interim Measures".
This state of affairs continued for more than a decade. The mushroom cloud in all parts of the country also makes the existence of fireworks industry was pushed to the forefront, the implementation of institutional reform and other policies have slowed down the speed of the launch of the national level standards of fireworks industry.
The information provided by the National Tobacco Standards Committee shows that in 1989, the establishment of the national tobacco standards Committee within 14 years, the organization has formulated 14 standards.
However, as the fireworks industry from the era of experience to the era of rules, the introduction of the above standards for the development of the industry can not be underestimated. According to the introduction, "labor safety technical regulations", "factory design safety regulations" and public safety standards "Fireworks evening set off safety regulations" to provide a basis for practitioners, but also to provide a basis for management; And "Safety and quality", "counting sampling inspection rules" and other standards issued and implemented, changed the past fireworks this traditional product without standards production history.
In the impression of Huang Chaxiang, chairman of the National Tobacco Label Committee, given that large-scale and collectivized production enterprises were emerging at that time, the cultural quality of business owners and employees was relatively low compared with other industries, and the awareness of standardization and quality was relatively weak. After the mechanism was straightening out, some standards did not conform to the development status of fireworks industry. The National tobacco standards Committee has also increased the development of industry standards.
From 2003 to 2008, 43 national standards were applied for, of which 22 were approved and issued by the state. In 2009, the standard of fireworks industry has also been refined to spit beads, friction, smoke, revolving fireworks, fireworks and basic terms. At the same time, the standard of fireworks is determined to be six sub-systems: comprehensive basic standard, design standard, manufacturing standard, use standard, product standard and discharge standard.
The local standard is full of flowers
In the interview, the reporter learned that from the end of the 1980s to now, as fireworks industry national standard is increasingly perfect, the standardization of the industry's main producing area has experienced Liuyang study at the same time will also be specific national standards, at present is in the situation of blooming flowers.
At that time, although Liuyang fireworks industry was experiencing a period of anxiety in the national fireworks industry, such as production and safety, development and environmental protection, due to the main production area, Liuyang's experience in the development of fireworks industry became the "textbook" of the national peers at that time.
Huang Zhiyou, vice president of Huasheng Fireworks, said that the "small, scattered, small, multiple, frequent transport" experience in the national promotion is an example, and later, Liuyang initiated industrial revolution in the fireworks industry, such as factory transformation, mechanization transformation and so on to push this to a new stage, in the safety management, Liuyang has become the national and even the world's demonstration base.
With the collective awakening of enterprises in the industry in the commercial competition of "first-class enterprises to make standards, second-rate enterprises to make products, third-rate enterprises to make sales", out of the pursuit of maximizing benefits, Liuyang Fireworks began to formulate its own local standards after 2006. In 2007, it completed the formulation of 14 categories of standards, and then rose to the local standards of Hunan Province.
"These standards are stricter than national standards and close to international standards." Hwang said that the regional standard has been further subdivided. Dongxin fireworks, Qingtai fireworks, Feiying fireworks, Huasheng fireworks and other enterprises also began to develop their own characteristics according to the characteristics of their own products.
"From the current situation, among the major producing areas, with the determination of their respective advantages, for the long-term consideration of benefits from the brand, brand from the standard, the signs of a hundred flowers blooming in the main producing areas are more and more obvious." An industry insider, who declined to be named, said that in addition to Liuyang, Liling and Yizhang, which are the main producing areas of fireworks in the country, also set up standards according to their own characteristics, even if it will take some time to improve the standards.
Another industry insider recognized this, from the previous study of Liuyang to the final self-development, some regions have already had the right to speak in the national industry. For example, the production technology of Red Cannon in Yizhang is better than that in Liuyang. There is even a tendency to hold the Red Cannon Festival and apply for the famous trademark of China Red Cannon.
The standardization system has yet to be perfected
From the perspective of national level and main producing areas, the standardization construction of fireworks industry has made great progress in the past 20 years, but the synchronization of standardization construction of each system of fireworks industry still needs to be improved.
South of a cracker person said, compared to the raw material system cracker product quality system, slightly backward.
For example, potassium nitrate, military nitrate in the fireworks industry is larger, but before only the industry standard, did not rise to the industry standard of fireworks materials. For example, mono-base powder is a raw material retired from the military industry. It is also used in large quantities to make gunpowder in local areas. However, there is no national standard, and accidents occur in the process of use, processing and transportation.
At the same time, with the degree of mechanization in the national fireworks industry gradually popularized, fireworks machinery standards are also missing, "fireworks machinery products can only represent a manufacturer's creativity, but the local processing, the production process is simple, the production of a single product has not risen to the level of the industry, how can the universality of the industry?
To this, Huang will you in the recognition of the same time, also said, fireworks product packaging, product paper standards also need to be improved.
This also exists in the fireworks industry across the country, the people interviewed said. On the one hand, because some enterprises are subject to the trend of economic benefits, on the other hand, with the development of fireworks industry, in product quality, safety management, factory construction, brand packaging, auxiliary materials, mechanization and other links, subdivision has become an inevitable trend.
From this point of view, the standardization of the national fireworks industry still needs time.